NEGERIKU

Merah jiwaku
putih tulangku
Garuda Kebanggaanku
Pemuda pembangun negeriku

Sang Hakim Maha Adil
Negeriku tercinta sungguh Indah
Sumber daya alam yang melimpah
Bahagiaku tuk alam tercinta

Seperti petani yang menggarap padi
Tak kenal lelah dan sejati
Walau diterjang terik matahari
Tetapku mencintai negeri tercinta ini

Hai!!! Para Nahkoda!!! sadarkah Kau nasib kapal ini
Diterjang ombak tak terkira
kuatkah kapalmu ini
tuk capai tujuan yang terencana

Hai!!! Para Nahkoda!!!
Betapa banyaknya Kau mengangkut berlian laut ke arah kapalmu
tuk mencapai keuntungan semata
dan sengsara para penumpangmu

Diterjang ombak hal yang biasa bagi dirimu
Anggaplah sebagai ujian dalam perjalananmu
tapi bila berlian laut Kau angkut dalam kapalmu
Betapa goyahnya kapalmu tuk berlayar

Lihatlah samudra luas yang harus ditempuh
Jalanmu masih panjang tuk capai tujuanmu
Bila kapalmu harus lumpuh
bagaimana nasib para penumpangmu

Butuh terobosan baru tuk negeri ini
Jalani semua dengan penuh syukur tuk anugrah yg ada
Ingatlah Negeri tercinta ini
tuk hadapi masa depan yang cerah

Kapalku adalah Negeriku
Dimana perjalanan hidupku berada
Anugrah adalah Tuhanku
Memberi keindahan tuk Ngeri tercinta

Kawah Ijen

The most amazing Indonesian volcano is Ijen Crater or Kawah Ijen (2,600m or 8,660ft tall), the "Green Crater" from Eastern Java, which has a lake made of 36 million cubic meters representing a solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogen chloride, the most powerful existing acids.

On the edges of the lake, the fumaroles (volcanic gas eruptions) depose 4 tonnes of sulfur daily. The Indonesian lake is by far the largest acid lake on Earth having a maximum depth of 212m (706ft). These lakes result from the mix of rainfall water with gases coming from the depths of the volcano.

Kawah Ijen is the world's largest highly acidic lake and is the site of a labor-intensive sulfur mining operation in which sulfur-laden baskets are hand-carried from the crater floor.

Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim. The largest concentration of post-caldera cones forms an E-W-trending zone across the southern side of the caldera. Coffee plantations cover much of the Ijen caldera floor, and tourists are drawn to its waterfalls, hot springs, and dramatic volcanic scenery.

The walls of the Kawah Ijen lake are light ocher, but the water has a turquoise color, with emerald reflexes. The temperature of the water is of 34o C, and sulfur bubbles float on the surface. The surroundings are covered by a sulfur powder. The smell is pungent and irritating, filled with sulfur dioxide. From place to place, sulfur pours at a temperature of 12ca0o C, like bright red trails, which gradually solidify, turning lemon yellow. The lake contains 600,000 tonnes of hydrogen chloride, 550,000 tonnes of sulfuric acid, 200,000 tonnes of aluminium sulphate and 170,000 tonnes of iron sulphate.

People from the neighboring area extract sulfur from the crater manually. Each worker can transport 40 to 70kg (90 to 155 pounds) at once on the abrupt slopes of the volcano, using bamboo ladders where the slope is too steep. In one day, a man can carry up to 360 kg (750 pounds) of sulfur. The daily production of the exploitation is just of 4 tonnes, a derisory quantity, if we consider the fact that the crater harbors 30,000 tonnes of sulfur. Industrial exploitation of the lake has not been planned so far, as the volcano erupts from time to time, projecting acid to the height of 600 m (2,000 ft) and splashing the neighboring areas with a corrosive rain.

pesan indah

Puisi untuk pujaan hati seorang

kisah yg tak pernah terlupakan sehingga

hai... bnyk yg memanggilmu si bunga mawar yg indah

tumbuh untuk menebar pesona manis padanya

disini ada kumbang yg malang

menunggu seekor pujaan hati yg datang

menghampiri bunga mawar dgn penuh harapan

tuk pujaan hati yg diinginkan.

Lalu, dimana sang pujaan hati berada? tnya kumbang thdp bunga mawar

bunga mawar termenung dan menjawab dgn sangat halus

"sesungguhnya dia ada didekatmu yg tak pernah kau ketahui dan rasakan"

sikumbang pergi dan sambil berkata betapa bodohnya aq tuk mencari seekor pujaan hati yg tak menentu dmn arahnya padahal dia sedang menghampiriku dan waktu akan menjawab atas semua keinginanku.merenung terdiam dan membisu kumbang pun bergegas tuk mencari tempat yg teduh, disaat teduhnya hujan yg sedang membasahi bumi lalu seekor kumbang betina pun datang dgn paras yg cantik utk kumbang yg jantan.sungguh tak dapat dipercaya kumbang jantan dpt menemui kumbang betina yg selama ini diinginkannya.Ternyata selama berhari2 dia hanya mencari sesuatu yg diinginkannya tak dapt ditemuinya pada akhirnya dia menemui apa yg diinginkannya dgn sikap yg sabar dlm benaknya.

Hari yg indah

Dalam hati yg tulus tuk menerima seseorang apa adanya

tak mudah seperti apa yg diinginkannya

hanya waktu yg berputar tuk membuktikannya

karena hati yg tulus bukan dr materi ataupun raga yg indah tetapi dr hati yg murni tuk menerimanya.

yakinkan semua dlm kisah cinta berdua

tuk bsa slg menerima

walau hanya sebatas kata

memiliki makna yg bercahaya

dlm tangis, suka, dan duka

hanya setengah isi perjalanan kta

masih bnyk yg harus ditata

tuk mencapai hasil yg sempurna

Dalam senyummu, pelukanmu, dan cumbumu

suatu anugrah yg tak terkira

ibarat sebuah kereta yg sedang melaju

jalani semua tentang kta berdua.

Tugas Kepariwisataan III

Tangkuban Perahu

1. History of Tangkuban perahu.

Tangkuban perahu is an active volcano; it is located 25 - 30 kilometers north of Bandung direction of Lembang. The stunning panorama of the crater is mixed with a tea plantation area which appears like a huge green carpet covering those hills around the mountain. Mt. Tangkuban Perahu is fond to visit. The name translates roughly to "overturning of a boat" or "overturned boat" in Sundanese, referring to the local legend of its creation.


The story tells, Sangkuriang, a son of Dayang Sumbi, was back from his adventure. Clueless, he found his beautiful mother and fell in love with her. Dayang Sumbi recognized the adventurer as her long lost kid. Sangkuriang forced her to marry him. Did not want to hurt him, she told Sangkuriang to build a vast boat for their honeymoon, just in one night.

All night long, Sangkuriang built the boat and the dam with a help from his friends, ghost and forest fairies. Feared the boat to complete, Dayang Sumbi asked other women in the nearby forest to help her. So the women punched the grains with grains puncher to make noise which disturbed the ghost and fairies.

Morning came before they completed the boat, and the ghost and the fairies ran away, chickens woke up and welcoming the dawn. Sangkuriang was left. Enraged, Sangkuriang kicked away the boat to the downside, and it turned into a mountain.

Now after explosion long ago, the huge crater in the mountain offers an astonishing view. We could explore the beauty of the crater around two hours. The sulphur fumes still appear from the crater though it is not particularly active.


2. Place to stay


There are numerous hotels covering every budget case around Bandung city. But if you have the intensity to stay longer near Tangkuban Perahu, there are numerous hotels in Lembang (North of Bandung) and experience the situation of country side whilst breathing a clear air which is hard to pursue in the city. Don't worry there are available also some of restaurants and warungs are scattered around Tangkuban Perahu. But if you want to experience a different vibe there are various eating places around Lembang.

What you to do :

1. sight seeing
2. Trekking
3. Photographing
4. Hiking to the edge of the crater to view the hot water spring up - close
5. Boiled some eggs cooked on its hot surface of the hot springs.

Tugas kepariwisataan II

Prambanan is the ninth century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to Trimurti, the expression of God as the Creator (Brahma), the Sustainer (Vishnu) and the Destroyer (Shiva). The temple compound located approximately 18 km east of Yogyakarta city on the boundary between Yogyakarta and Central Java province.

The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, currently is the largest Hindu temple in Indonesia, and is one of the largest Hindu temples in south-east Asia. It is characterised by its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu temple architecture, and by the towering 47m high central building inside a large complex of individual temples.

Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple of ancient Java, and the construction of this royal temple was probably started by Rakai Pikatan as the Hindu Sanjayas answer to the Buddhist Sailendra's Borobudur and Sewu temples nearby. Historians suggested that the construction of Prambanan probably was meant to mark the return of Hindu Sanjaya dynasty to power after almost a century fell under Buddhist Sailendra domination on Central Java. Nevertheless the construction of this massive Hindu temple signify that the Medang court has shifted its patronage from previously favour Mahayana Buddhism to Shivaist Hinduism.

A temple was first built at the site around 850 CE by either Rakai Pikatan or Balitung Maha Sambu the Sanjaya king of the Mataram Kingdom. According to Shivagrha inscription that wrote chandrasengkala ”Wwalung gunung sang wiku” (778 Saka/856 M), the temple was built to honor lord Shiva and the original name of the temple is Shiva-grha (the house of Shiva).Indeed, some archaeologists propose that the idol of Shiva in the garbhagriha (central chamber) of the main temple is modelled after King Balitung, serving as a depiction of his deified self after death.

The temple compound was expanded by successive Mataram kings such as Daksa and Tulodong with the addition hundreds of perwara temples around the chief temple. Prambanan served as the royal temple of the Hindu Kingdom of Mataram, with most of the state's religious ceremonies and sacrifices being conducted there. At the height of the Mataram kingdom, scholars estimate that hundreds of Brahmins with their disciples lived within the outer wall of the temple compound. The urban center and the court of Mataram were located nearby, somewhere in the Prambanan Plain.

The architecture of Prambanan temple follows the typical Hindu architecture traditions based on Vastu Shastra. The temple design incorporated mandala temple plan arrangements and also the typical high towering spires of Hindu temples. Prambanan was originally named Shivagrha and dedicated to god Shiva. The temple was designed to mimic Meru, the holy mountain the abode of Hindu gods, and the home of Shiva. The whole temple complex is a model of Hindu universe according to Hindu cosmology and the layers of Loka.

Just like Borobudur, Prambanan also recognize the hierarchy of the temple zones, spanned from the less holy to the holiest realms. Each Hindu and Buddhist concepts has their own terms, but the concept's essentials is identical. Either the compound site plan (horizontally) or the temple structure (vertically) are consists of three zones:

• Bhurloka (in Buddhism: Kāmadhātu), the lowest realm of common mortals; humans, animals also demons. Where humans still binded by their lust, desire and unholly way of life. The outer courtyard and the foot (base) part of each temples is symbolized the realm of bhurloka.
• Bhuvarloka (in Buddhism: Rupadhatu), the middle realm of holy people, rishis, ascetics, and lesser gods. People here began to see the light of truth. The middle courtyard and the body of each temples is symbolized the realm of bhuvarloka.
• Svarloka (in Buddhism: Arupadhatu), the highest and holiest realm of gods, also known as svargaloka. The inner cortyard and the roof of each temples is symbolized the realm of svarloka. The roof of the Prambanan temples is adorned and crowned with ratna (sanskirt: jewel). In ancient Java temple architecture, ratna is Hindu counterpart of Buddhist stupa, and served as the temple's pinnacle.

During the restoration, a well which contains pripih (stone casket) was discovered under the center of the Shiva temple. The main temple has a well of 5.75 m depth in which a stone casket was found on top a pile of charcoal, earth and remains of burned animal bones. Sheets of gold leaves with the inscription Varuna (god of the sea) and Parvata (god of the mountains) were found here. The stone casket contained sheets of copper mixed with charcoal, ashes and earth, 20 coins, jewels, glass, pieces of gold and silver leaves, seashells and 12 gold leaves (5 of which in the shape of a turtle, Nāga serpent, padma, altar and egg).

Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) or "Beautiful Indonesia Miniature Park" (literally translated) is a culture-based recreational area located in East Jakarta, Indonesia. It has an area of about 250 acres (1.0 km²). The park is a synopsis of Indonesian culture, with virtually all aspects of daily life in Indonesia's 26 (in 1975) provinces encapsulated in separate pavilions with the collections of architecture, clothing, dances and traditions are all depicted impeccably. Apart from that, there is a lake with a miniature of the archipelago in the middle of it, cable cars, museums, a theater called the Theatre of My Homeland (Theater Tanah Airku) and other recreational facilities which make TMII one of the most popular tourist destinations in the city.

Venues of Indonesian Provinces

The miniature of Indonesian Archipelago in the center lake viewed from the cable car.

West Sumatra pavilion in TMII.

Since each Indonesian province maintains its own unique and distinct cultures, shelters, attire and dialects, TMII built a model of each of the houses from Indonesian provinces. TMII attempted not only to reconstruct the homes of the various provinces, but also to create a realistic model of the environment and shelters of the various people of Indonesia. The venues, which are situated around the main lake in a similar fashion to the different islands of the Indonesian archipelago, are thematically divided into six areas in respect to the main islands of Indonesia; Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan (Borneo), Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku and Papua.

Since 1975 until 2000s, the original design of TMII consist of a model of the houses from the 27 provinces of Indonesia, including East Timor. But after the secession of East Timor from Indonesia in 2002, the East Timor pavilion changed its status to become the Museum of East Timor. Also since Indonesia now consist of 33 provinces, currently the new province pavilions of Bangka Belitung, Banten, West Sulawesi, North Maluku, Gorontalo, and West Papua

is being built in northeast part of the park.

After the recognition of Indonesian Chinese culture as the integral part of Indonesian culture in 2000, the new Indonesian Chinese pavilion and a Confucian temple is currently being built within the park.

This idea to build the smaller scale of Indonesia was originally came from former Indonesian first lady, Siti Hartinah or best-known as Tien Suharto. The idea came out at a convention on 8 Cendana Street at March 13, 1970. Through this recreational site, she hoped more Indonesian people will have more national pride than before. The project called "Indonesian Miniature Project" was started by Harapan Kita Foundation in 1972. The concept of this culture-based recreational area was taken from the fact that Indonesia has unparalled richness and diversity from many different aspects.

Love someone who I love.

Love comes from deepest my heart and sometimes love makes me crazy when we were hurted. Because of love our life perfectly get to feel. If we love someone with sincerely we can feel a true love.
I believe that love isn't a violence but love is grace. love have to need a sacrifice without sacrifice love is nothing or impossible. such as parents love a child, they always love a child long time. so love must come from deepest your heart and loving for someone is the most beautiful gift.

Promise

I'm not a perfect human
But I'm only ordinary man
I've forgotten my experience in the past for someone
only u, I'm only walk away with you

I made up wall to climb as high as possible
and Promise I can prove my love for you
don't say I'm lying for you
don't say I would lie to deceive

Just ur name in my heart
promise take somewhere place it at all
although u're still reminded ur past experience
I don't care about it, because I prove my love for you.

don't bother us again
I would like to do the best something for her
maybe I had had mistake for u in the past
but now, I'm getting regret

looking in the future to make up relation with us
just want to say you're belong to me
never give up to d\face all of the problem
because there are having somewhere the best place to us.

Telaah Pranata Masyarakat Inggris

1. what are advantages for the queen elizabeth II with commonwealth even they are become in Uk ?
2. give the progress in England during help by Elizabeth II ?
3.why does England have commonwealth country ?
4. why don't the commonwealth countries admit that they are UK ?
5. what do you mean about Uk experience ?

The Answer :

1. The Organization of commonwealth under a head of government is Quenn Elizabeth II give a contribution all of section for many countries including member of commonwealth or non member of commonwealth, The contribution is helping countries formulate, negotiate and implement their trade policies,promoting trade facilitation that reduces red tape, costs, and maximises efficiency of administrative procedures and controls governing imports and exports, and Diversifying the export base by creating opportunities in new economic sectors rather than relying on one or a few sectors.

2. England has a lot of progress during help by Elizabeth Quenn 2 is give a progress in sport sectors, such as : English premier League where many of investor has paid for club of premier league, the team is chealsea and Manchester city, Elizabeth Quenn has succesfully cooperated for another country as well as commonwealth or non commonwealth.

3. Because head of government in England is leadership of commonwealth country where it can have role all of aspect int commonwealth country.

4. Because they want to be independence country and they want to have of their selves regulation.

5. UK experience is exploring about history, travel, music, sport, and, etc of UK condition, such as : How to learn something of UK.

Tugas Telaah Pranata Masyarakat Inggris

Telaah pranata masyarakat inggris 1



Britain and the world



Cretead by :



v Agli ristiyani

v Davin anto nugraha

v Devi yolandasari

v Ika yulianti

v Sandymita ririn aprinda

v Yosef saefudin











A. Britain HISTORY AND UNITED KINGDOM

United Kingdom is an island country in the United Kingdom, which covers about 2 / 3 of the south.

In addition to what is now known as the British, the British Empire also includes Wales, between the years 1536-1707. The kingdom was abolished in 1707 by the Union Act 1707 (the Act Union with Scotland) and became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is a country in Western Europe, which is usually recognized as the United Kingdom (abbreviation: UK). United Kingdom formed a Deed of Union that united England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. By precisely, Great Britain or Britain refers to the combination of England, Wales and Scotland which does not include Northern Ireland.

Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, created through the merger of the Kingdom of Scotland and the United Kingdom under the Union Act 1707 to create a single empire consisting of the entire island of Great Britain. A single parliament and government based in Westminster, London set the whole kingdom. The second part of the former kingdom has the same in a monarchy since King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England in 1603.

Since 1707, a throne of "British" to replace the combined Scottish and English throne and a joint parliament to replace the Scottish and English parliaments. Scotland and England were both given seats in the House of Commons and House of Lords in the new parliament.

This kingdom was later replaced by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 when the Royal Irish entered the implementation of the Union Act 1801.

The following is a list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the United Kingdom. United Kingdom of Great Britain was formed on May 1, 1707 from the merger of the British Empire and the Kingdom of Scotland. On January 1, 1801 merger of the United Kingdom with the Kingdom of Ireland and formed "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland". After some parts of Ireland broke away on December 6, 1922, on 12 April 1927 the name changed again to "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".

List of kings and queens of the United Kingdom

• Anne (1707-1714)

• George I (1714-1727)

• George II (1727-1760)

• George III (1760-1801), went away as King of the United Kingdom (United Kingdom) until 1820.

• George IV (1820-1830)

• William IV (1830-1837)

• Victoria (1837-1901)

• Edward VII (1901-1910)

• George V (1910-1936)

• Edward VIII (January 1936-December 1936)

• George VI (Dec 1936-1952)

• Elizabeth II (1952-present)





























BRITAIN AND THE WORLD



1.COMMONWEALTH

1.1 What is the meaning of commonwealth?

The Commonwealth is a term that comes from the fifteenth century (from English commonwealth) which literally means to the good / common prosperity. The Commonwealth was originally meant a state that led to prosperity together and not just for the prosperity of a few people from certain classes only. In today's more meaningful term is more or less common means of political community.

* A country founded on a law for the good of the people together;
* A federation of states;
* A community of independent states;
* A republic; or
* A country of a democratic constitutional monarchy.

Head of the Commonwealth countries is the king / queen of England, which currently held by Queen Elizabeth II. Queen Elizabeth II also leads directly in some countries, known as the World Commonwealth, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and several other countries.
Commonwealth Countries (English: Commonwealth of Nations) is a voluntary union involving sovereign states established or never colonized by the United Kingdom (or often just called the UK).
Not all members recognize Queen of England, Elizabeth II, as head of state. Countries that took as head of state known as the Kingdom of the Commonwealth or the "Commonwealth Realm". After all, most members are republics, and some others have their own monarchy. However, all members consider Queen Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth.





1.2 Who are the member of commonwealth?




















1.3Historical background about the commonwealth member?



The prime ministers of five members of the Commonwealth at the 1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference.

While not all current members were once British colonies, the Commonwealth is generally considered to be the successor to the British Empire. In 1884, while visiting Australia, Lord Rosebery described the changing British Empire, as some of its colonies became more independent, as a "Commonwealth of Nations".[3]

Conferences of British and colonial Prime Ministers had occurred periodically since 1887, leading to the creation of the Imperial Conferences in 1911.[4] The formal organisation of the Commonwealth developed from the Imperial Conferences, where the independence of the self-governing colonies and especially of dominions was recognised. The Irish Oath of Allegiance, agreed in 1921, included the Irish Free State's "adherence to and membership of the group of nations forming the British Commonwealth of Nations." In the Balfour Declaration at the 1926 Imperial Conference, Britain and its dominions agreed they were "equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations." These aspects to the relationship were eventually formalised by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 (Australia, New Zealand and Newfoundland had to ratify the statute for it to come into effect; which Newfoundland never did and Australia and New Zealand did in 1942 and 1947 respectively.









1.4 The Advantages of commonwealth

England triumphed with the commonwealth and the spread of the administration and application of technology in the country understands its colony and spread the commonwealth. Similarly, adopting manufacturing technology, weather, monetary currency of pounds and still be a central policy of England, located in London. The use of operational machinery and Land Rover Rolls Royce in the commonwealth countries showed the benefits of discipline English people.

Commonwealth goals first outlined in the 1971 Singapore Declaration, which the Commonwealth is committed to world peace organization; promotion of representative democracy and individual freedom; pursue equality and against racism; fight against poverty, ignorance and disease; and free trade. To this is added the opposition to discrimination on the basis of gender by the Lusaka Declaration of 1979 (the most concerned racism), and environmental sustainability by the year 1989 Langkawi Declaration. This goal is reinforced by the Harare Declaration in 1991.

Committed to democracy, good governance, human rights, gender equality, and a more equitable sharing of the benefits of globalization. List of sites work as a Commonwealth territory: Democracy, Economy, Education, Gender, Governance, Human Rights, Law, Small States, Sport, Sustainability, and Youth.

No single government in the Commonwealth, British or otherwise, to use power over others, such as in a political unity. Conversely, the relationship is one of the international organization in which countries with diverse social, political, and economic backgrounds are considered as equal in status, and work together within the framework of values and common objectives, as outlined in the Singapore Declaration.These include the promotion of democracy, human rights, good governance, rule of law, individual liberty, egalitarianism, free trade, multilateralism, and world peace, and carried out through multilateral projects and meetings, as well as the Commonwealth Games quadrennial. The symbol of this free association is Queen Elizabeth II, who is known for this purpose as the Chairman of the Commonwealth.

The Commonwealth is not a political entity, but an intergovernmental organization countries through a variety of social, political and economic background is considered as the same status.







































2. IMIGRANT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

2.1 The original countries of the immigrant.





































2.2. The reason they come to UK

Immigration to the United Kingdom have been from all over Europe and the world. Over the millennia successive waves of immigrants have come to the United Kingdom seeking economic prosperity or to escape persecution or hardship. For thousands of years successive waves of immigrants came to Great Britain for the economic prosperity or to escape persecution or difficulty. Their impact has shaped the course of history of Britain itself. Impact they have formed British history itself.

http://www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif





2.3. The percentage of immigrant

Official figures show that in the year 2008, 590,000 people came to live in the UK while 427,000 left, which means that the net migration to 163,000. Total net immigration in 2007 was 237,000 to 46,000 increases in 2006.In 2006, there were 149,035 applications for British citizenship, 32 percent less than in 2005. The number of people granted citizenship during 2006 was 154.095, 5 per cent fewer than in 2005. The number of people granted citizenship during 2006 was 154,095, 5 percent less than in 2005. The largest groups of people granted British citizenship were from India, Pakistan, Somalia and the Philippines. In 2006, 134.430 people were granted settlement in the UK, a drop of 25 per cent on 2005. The Greatest given groups of British citizens from India, Pakistan, Somalia, and the Philippines. In 2006, 134,430 people were given housing in the UK, down from 25 percent in 2005.

At the time the latest census of England, conducted in April 2001, 8.3 percent of the population foreign born. is substantially lower than the major immigration countries like the United States (12.3%), Canada (19.3%) and Australia (23%). [2] The figures for each census since 1951 is given in the table below. In 2005, the foreign-born population was estimated at 9.1 per cent, compared to a European Union average of 8.6 per cent. [3] It has been estimated that the foreign-born population had grown to 10.6 per cent by 2007. In 2005, the population was born outside the country is estimated to 9.1 percent, compared with the European Union average of 8.6 percent. It is estimated that foreign-born population has grown to 10.6 percent in 2007.

2.4. Government treatment toward immigrant

"Managed migration" is the term for all legal labor and student migration from outside of the European Union and this accounts for a substantial percentage of overall immigration figures for the UK. Many of the immigrants who arrive under these schemes bring skills which are in short supply in the UK. This area of immigration is managed by the UK Border Agency, a department within the Home Office. Applications are made at UK embassies or consulates or directly to the UK Border Agency, depending upon the type of visa or permit required. In April 2006 changes to the managed migration system were proposed that would create one points-based immigration system for the UK in place of all other schemes. The replacement for Highly Skilled Migrant Programmed (Tier 1 in the new system) gives points for age, education, earning, previous UK experience but not for work experience. The points-based system was phased in over the course of 2008, replacing previous managed migration schemes such as the work permit system and the Highly Skilled Migrant Programmed.

The points-based system is composed of four tiers, described by the UK Border Agency as follows:

· Tier 1 – for highly skilled individuals, who can contribute to growth and productivity;

· Tier 2 – for skilled workers with a job offer, to fill gaps in the United Kingdom workforce;

· Tier 3 – for limited numbers of low-skilled workers needed to fill temporary labor shortages;

· Tier 4 – for students;

· Tier 5 – for temporary workers and young people covered by the Youth Mobility Scheme, who are allowed to work in the United Kingdom for a limited time to satisfy primarily non-economic objectives. For family relatives of European Economic Area nationals living in the UK, there is the EEA family permit which enables those family members to join their relatives already living and working in the UK. Though immigration is a matter that is reserved to the UK government under the legislation that established devolution for Scotland in 1999, the Scottish Government was able to get an agreement from the Home Office for their Fresh Talent Initiative which was designed to encourage foreign graduates of Scottish universities to stay in Scotland to look for employment. Fresh Talent is now closed following the introduction of the points-based system.



3. ETNICH GROUP

People from various ethnic groups reside in the United Kingdom. Since World War II, however, substantial immigration from the New Commonwealth, Europe, and the rest of the world has altered the demographic make-up of many cities in the United Kingdom. Migration from what are now the Northern European states has been happening for millennia, with other groups such as British Jews also well established.

3.1 The kind of ethnic in UK

According to the 2001 Census, the ethnic composition of the United Kingdom was:





3.2 The region of ethnic



In 2001 minority ethnic groups were more likely to live in England than in the other countries of the UK. In England, they made up 9 per cent of the total population compared with only 2 per cent in both Scotland and Wales and less than 1 per cent in Northern Ireland.

The minority ethnic populations were concentrated in the large urban centers. Nearly half (45 per cent) of the total minority ethnic population lived in the London region, where they comprised 29 per cent of all residents.

After London, the second largest proportion of the minority ethnic population lived in the West Midlands (with 13 per cent of the minority ethnic population), followed by the South East (8 per cent), the North West (8 per cent), and Yorkshire and the Humber (7 per cent).

The English regions which contained the smallest proportion of the minority ethnic population were the North East and the South West where they made up only 2 per cent of each region's population.

Seventy eight per cent of Black Africans and 61 percent of Black Caribbean lived in London. More than half of the Bangladeshi group (54 per cent) also lived in London. Other ethnic minority groups were more dispersed. Only 19 per cent of Pakistanis resided in London, 21 per cent lived in the West Midlands, 20 per cent in Yorkshire and the Humber, and 16 per cent in the North West.





4. The European Community

4.1 The role of UK in European community



The United Kingdom referendum of 1975 was a post-legislative referendum held on 5 June 1975 in the United Kingdom to gauge support for the country's continued membership of the European Economic Community (EEC), often known as the Common Market at the time, which it had entered in 1973 under the Conservative government of Edward Heath. Labor’s manifesto for the October 1974 general election promised that the people would decide "through the ballot box"[1] whether to remain in the EEC. The electorate expressed significant support for EEC membership, with 67% in favor on a 65% turnout. This was the only referendum held throughout the entire United Kingdom in its history; other referendums have been arranged only in certain areas, like Scotland, Wales, Greater London or individual towns.

The February 1974 general election yielded a Labor minority government, which then won a majority in the October 1974 general election. Labor pledged in its February 1974 manifesto to renegotiate the terms of British accession to the EEC, and to then consult the people on whether Britain should stay in the EEC on the new terms if they were acceptable to the government. The Labor Party had traditionally feared the consequences of EEC membership, such as the large differentials between the high price of food under the Common Agricultural Policy and the low prices prevalent in Commonwealth markets, as well as the loss of economic sovereignty and the freedom of governments to engage in socialist industrial policies, and party leaders stated their opinion that the Conservatives had negotiated unfavorable terms for Britain.[2] The EEC heads of government agreed a deal in Dublin by 11 March 1975; Wilson declared "I believe that our renegotiation objectives have been substantially though not completely achieved", and that the government would recommend a vote in favor of continued membership.[3] On 9 April, the House of Commons voted 396 to 170 to continue within the Common Market on the new terms. In tandem with these developments, the government drafted a Referendum Bill, to be moved in case of a successful renegotiation.

The referendum debate was an unusual time for British politics. During the campaign, the Labor Cabinet was split and its members campaigned on each side of the question, a rare breach of Cabinet collective responsibility. Most votes in the House of Commons in preparation for the referendum were only carried thanks to opposition support, and the government faced several defeats on technical issues such as election counts. Finally, although the government declared in advance that it would adhere to the result, the referendum itself was not binding upon the government in the strict legal sense, due to the principle of parliamentary sovereignty. This principle would itself come into question as a consequence of EEC membership in the Factor tame litigation.













4.2 Arguments between UK and EC to all argument

When Britain joined the European community in 1973, it was at a time when the prose of economic advance. Since 1973 Britain has found it self planning negative, defensive role in the role in process of economic integration. Even after the 1975 referendum the was expected to put an end to put argument about British, British policy – makers were constrained to spend another ten years arguing, drawing heavily on the partners remaining goodwill, about the nature of the British contribution to the community budget.

When the parliament was eventually directly elected in 1979, one year later then agreed because of British objections, it is representative nature was again distorted – this time by the vagaries of the British electoral system. Only when the question of British budget contribution had been apparently resolved at Fontainebleau in 1984 was the foreign office able to get a British prime minister to deliver a positive paper on direction that the community might now take. Even then, at the end of the third British presidency of the council in December 1986, Britain was once again accused of using it’s powers to keep potentially troublesome item off the European council agenda.



















5. Community trade

A trademark is a way for one party to distinguish themselves from another. In the business world, a trademark provides a product or organization with an identity which cannot be imitated by its competitors.

A trademark can be a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, image, sound, shape, signature or any combination of these elements.

The UK Intellectual Property Office radically altered the way UK national trade mark applications were examined in October 2007. Previously, UK national trade mark applications underwent a full examination both on absolute (distinctiveness) and relative (prior rights) grounds. In October 2007, the search which formed a part of the examination of applications on prior rights grounds became an advisory search in a similar fashion to the Community Trade Mark system, bringing into force Section 8 of the Trade Marks Act 1994. No longer will the UKIPO unilaterally be able to prevent the grant of a UK national trade mark application on the basis of an earlier pending application or prior registration for a conflicting mark. Instead, it will be up to the proprietor of that right to oppose the application when it advertised for opposition purposes, although the UKIPO will still advise owners of conflicting application where citations including their marks have been sent to the applicant to assist them in making an opposition.

A fast-track application process has also been available to applicants since the 7th April 2008.









6. Cooperation between UK and the word

v The London Docklands Development Corporation

OR nearly seventeen years, between July 1981 and March 1998, the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) worked to secure the regeneration of the London Docklands, an area of eight-and-a-half square miles stretching across parts of the East End Boroughs of of Southward, Tower Hamlets and Newham

The area was transformed and the work of the Corporation attracted worldwide attention not least in academic circles. In its lifetime the LDDC responded to this interest through the provision of resources of all kinds but following its winding up in 1998 it has become increasingly difficult to obtain LDDC publications and other historic material about its work. The site seeks to help in filling the gap. The number of visitors to the site has grown enormously and especially among students from schools and colleges throughout the world. Among our other visitors are agencies responsible for the regeneration of urban areas world-wide.

The site is run as a free service to students by The Innes Partnership. On of the partners, Stuart Innes, worked for LDDC for the whole of its 17 year life. The site is hosted free of charge by Zyne Technologies who support the site as an educational resource.

v Sony Corporation

Sony’s UK history began in 1968 when Sony United Kingdom was founded in London. Six years later Sony became the first major Japanese company to open a factory in the UK. Today there are two factories, both in Wales, at Bridgend and Pencoed, which between them manufacture broadcast cameras, television sets and components for the UK and export to other countries around the world.

Indeed, Sony was awarded the prestigious Queens Award for Export on four occasions in the 80s and 90s. Today Sony UK employs around 4,500 people in functions including Manufacturing, Sales and Marketing. Sony’s UK Headquarters are located at Brooklands, near Weybridge, in Surrey, on the site of the old Brooklands Racing Circuit, just inside the M25.

v Landmark

Landmark Information Group is a Daily Mail and General Trust company, and is the UK's leading supplier of digital mapping, property and environmental risk information.

Landmark has an unrivalled source of large scale current and historical digital maps together with high quality environmental risk and planning information. The quality of the data enables Landmark to provide solutions that create peace of mind for our customers when using one of our products.

All property related investment decisions are affected by potential environmental and planning risks and liabilities. Landmark's skill and expertise serves the market need for accurate and timely information - information which makes for informed decision making - managing risk and opportunity.

Working closely with data providers including Ordnance Survey, the Environment Agency, the Coal Authority and the British Geological Survey enables Landmark to offer current and historical environmental risk management information and desktop mapping solutions for the property industry. Since forming in 1995, approximately £20 million has been spent establishing the Landmark database which exists as one of the largest geographical information databases in Europe.



v Starbucks


In May 1998, Starbucks successfully entered the European market through its acquisition of 65 Seattle Coffee Company stores in the UK. The two companies shared a common culture, focussing on a great commitment to customised coffee, similar company values and a mutual respect for people and the environment.

The layout and atmosphere of Starbucks stores are specifically designed to be cosy and intimate, while at the same time providing people with their own personal space to use as they wish. The combination of sofas, armchairs, coffee tables and chairs, bars and stools and meeting room tables means that there is something for everyone.

Those looking for peace and quiet away from home or the office can relax and linger in an armchair and escape into a book, whilst those looking for an intimate place to meet friends can huddle on a sofa and chat over a mug of coffee, as they would in their own home. Soft lighting and background music make the experience complete.

Cinta

Cinta membuat kita semakin gila
tapi dengan cintalah kita bisa memberikan kasih thd sesama makluk hidup
Jauh dr kata cinta adalah pengorbanan untuk mempertahankan cinta.

trima kasih cinta

IBU

setiap malam kau terbangun untukku
setiap detik kau selalu memperhatikan diriku
tak ada rasa lelah dan menyerah kau teteskan keringat untukku
kau selalu ada dalam setiap insan hidupku
tanpamu aku bukanlah apa-apa

trima kasih Ibu sampai kapanpun aku akan mengenang jasamu sampai akhir hayat hidupku.
Kuwakilkan rasa ini melalui tulisan ini untuk orang yang kusayang seperti dirimu Ibu...

Assignment of individual from Softskill subject

1. What is the meaning of counties?
2. Why was the name of saint george cross, saint andrew's and saint patrick's?
3. who was a head of Ireland join with United Kingdom?

Answers :

1. Counties consist of England, wales, scotland and northen Ireland.
it was agreement that arrengement about local politic, territorial division, population, and etc...

2. A. the saint george cross
Because saint george cross had slayed dragon in the twelfth century and He the patron saint of England in the thirteenth century.
At the beginning of the Crusades, a red cross on white was already associated with England because this was St George's cross, the emblem associated with England's patron saint[citation needed]. Although the Pope decided English crusaders would be distinguished by wearing a white cross on red, and French crusaders a red cross on white (Italian knights were allocated a yellow cross on a white background),English knights soon decided to claim "their" cross of red on white, like the French. In January 1188, in a meeting between Henry II of England and Philip II of France, the two rivals agreed to exchange flags (France later changed its new white cross on red for a white cross on a dark blue flag). Some French knights carried on using the red cross however, and as English knights wore this pattern as well, the red cross on white became the typical crusader symbol regardless of nationality.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_England)

B. the saint Andrew's
According to legend, in 832 A.D. Óengus II was facing of the battle against the Angles, led by Æthelstan, he led an army of Picts and Scots, and he swore if got victory, he wanted to become saint andrew's of the patron in scotland because he had believed that God would help him although his member army less than Angel's army.
And finally he had got victory of the battle, so Saint Andrew became the patron in scotland. The white saltire set against a celestial blue background is said to have been adopted as the design of the flag of Scotland on the basis of this legend. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland)

C. the saint Patrick
The earliest unequivocal use of the cross is in the the official description of the badge of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick that Lord Temple, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, forwarded to his superiors in London in January 1783:[citation needed]
“ And the said Badge shall be of Gold surrounded with a Wreath of Shamrock or Trefoil, within which shall be a Circle of Gold, containing the Motto of our said Order in Letters of Gold Viz. QUIS SEPARABIT? together with the date 1783, being the year in which our said Order was founded, and encircling the Cross of St Patrick Gules, surmounted with a Trefoil Vert each of its leaves charged with an Imperial Crown Or upon a field of Argent. ”

The Order of Saint Patrick was created in 1783 to mark the Constitution of 1782 which gave substantial autonomy to Ireland. The order was a means of rewarding (or obtaining) political support in the Irish Parliament.[2].
Arms of the Geraldine Dukes of Leinster. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_St._Patrick#Saint_Patrick.27s_Flag)

3. Ahead of Ireland is George III (1760-1801) when Ireland is still became the Kingdom of Ireland.